Article VI · Witnesses

Rule 611. Mode and Order of Examining Witnesses and Presenting Evidence

Effective July 2, 2026

Cite: Tex. R. Evid. 611

Control by the Court; Purposes. The court should exercise reasonable control over the mode and order of examining witnesses and presenting evidence so as to:

(1)

make those procedures effective for determining the truth;

(2)

avoid wasting time; and

(3)

protect witnesses from harassment or undue embarrassment.

(b)

Scope of Cross-Examination. A witness may be cross-examined on any relevant matter, including credibility.

(c)

Leading Questions. Leading questions should not be used on direct examination except as necessary to develop the witness’s testimony. Ordinarily, the court should allow leading questions:

(1)

on cross-examination; and

(2)

when a party calls a hostile witness, an adverse party, or a witness identified with an adverse party.